I have 24", 20" and 16" barreled 308's.
I have had the 16" to 1k with no trouble. It was cool and the elevation was 2500ish. I'm not sure what it would do on a hot summer day at the same elevation.
I've shot this load, 175smk, 45gr varget, win brass, cci br2, through all three barrels on the same day.
24" = 2695fps
20" = 2648fps
16" = 2495fps
The 24" and 16" are chrome lined barrels. The 20" is a SS from Rock Creek.
I like the 16" for weight an portability and I'm confident it's adequate to 800yds.
18" would be a great compromise. I started to go there at one time. I decided, if the rifle was going to be used as a precision rifle, why not grab the extra velocity that the 20" offered.
I have a platform that allows me to swap from 16" to 20" in a matter of a minute or two.
I'm seriously considering the sale of my 24" bolt gun. I have to put some more time behind the 20" before I know for sure.